【英汉双语演讲稿】双语演讲稿4篇

【wenmi.jxxyjl.com--演讲稿范文】

双语演讲稿杨澜TED双语励志演讲稿奥巴马在韩国外国语大学的演讲稿【双语版】李克强总理达沃斯演讲稿全文（双语）

　　honorable judges, fellow students:

　　“if you love a flower that lives on a star, it is sweet to look at the sky at night. all the stars are abloom with flowers.”——these are the sentences from “the little prince”. well, i just have a person who is as important for me as the proud rose is for the little prince. we grew up together and we almost know everything about each other. she’s not my sister but much more than that. i used to be bad-tempered and cursed everyone in the world including myself, but she was the only one who was different. she told me the meaning of patience, modesty and even love. and i felt like reborn. that was the first time that i came to get the value of my life.

　　as the words goes, “if someone loves a flower, of which just one single blossom grows in all the millions and millions of stars, it is enough to make him happy just to look at the stars.” it goes all the same. i was lucky enough to come across someone and, fortunately, i loved this person, then i got the ability to love anyone in this world. and love, is what make the world livable.

　　thank you so much!

　　尊敬的评委和各位同学：

　　“如果你爱上了某个星球上的一朵花儿，那么，只要在夜晚仰望星空，就会觉得满天繁星如同一朵朵盛开的花儿。”——这些话都摘自《小王子》。其实，我也有一个就像那朵骄傲的玫瑰对小王子一样重要的人。我们在一起长大，我们几乎了解彼此的一切。尽管我们不是姐妹却胜似姐妹。我小时候脾气很差，讨厌世上所有的人包括我自己，但只有她不同。她教给了我耐心、谦虚，甚至是爱的意义。我就好像重生了一样，那也是我第一次感到自己生命的价值。

　　正如书中写道：“如果一个人爱上了一朵花，这朵花独一无二的盛开在千百万颗星星之中，仰望繁星就会令他快乐无比。”我很幸运能够遇到某人并且更幸运地爱上了她，并因此能够爱上世界上的所有人。正因有爱，这世界才是适合人类居住的。

　　谢谢大家!

　　以下是杨澜在ted大会上的一篇题为the generation that's remaking china(重塑中国的一代)的演讲稿中英原文。她在演讲中分享了自己的人生经历，并讲述了当下中国的一些火热现象，演讲虽然不长，但是很多观点都很精辟，值得一看。

　　英文演讲稿：

　　the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of “china’s got talent” show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. guess who was the performing guest? susan boyle. and i told her, “i’m going to scotland the next day.” she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese. [chinese] soit’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff. it means “greenonion for free.” why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor inshanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didn’t understand anyenglish or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese. (laughter) and the last sentence of nessun dormathat she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” so [as] susanboyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. that was hilarious.

　　so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness. they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought themthrough. and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult. we are all different from different perspectives. but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. you may have the chance to make a difference.

　　my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. i remember that in the year of 1990, when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton — it’s still there. so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour,he finally said, “so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” i summoned my courage and poise and said, “yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” i didn’t have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.

　　around the same time, i was going through an audition —the first ever open audition by national television in china — with another thousand college girls. the producer told us they were looking for some sweet,innocent and beautiful fresh face. so when it was my turn, i stood up and said,“why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful,sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” i thought i kind of offended them. but actually, they were impressed by my words. and so i was in the second round of competition,and then the third and the fourth. after seven rounds of competition, i was the last one to survive it. so i was on a national television prime-time show. and believe it or not, that was the first show on chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(applause) and my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.

　　well after a few years, i decided to go to the u.s. and columbia university to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my ownmedia company, which was unthought of during the years that i started mycareer. so we do a lot of things. i’ve interviewed more than a thousand peoplein the past. and sometimes i have young people approaching me say, “lan, you changed my life,” and i feel proud of that. but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. i was in beijing’s bidding for the olympic games. i was representing the shanghai expo. i saw china embracing the world and vice versa. but then sometimes i’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large,the world?

　　so today i want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. first of all, who are they? [what] do they look like?well this is a girl called guo meimei — 20 years old, beautiful. she showed offher expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the chinese version of twitter. and she claimed to be the general manager of red cross at the chamber of commerce. she didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of red cross. the controversy was so heated that the red cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.

　　so far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.all those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of red cross at chamber of commerce. it’s very complicated to explain. but anyway, the public still doesn’t buy it. it is still boiling. it shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. and also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.

　　microblog boomed in the year of XX, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. sina.com, a major news portal, alone hasmore than 140 million microbloggers. on tencent, 200 million. the most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. about 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,under 30 years old. and because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let thesteam out a little bit. but because you don’t have many other openings, theheat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.

　　so through microblogging, we are able to understand chinese youth even better. so how are they different? first of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. and because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. that could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we’re in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. most of them have fairly good education.the illiteracy rate in china among this generation is under one percent. incities, 80 percent of kids go to college. but they are facing an aging china with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. and you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they’re sick. so it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.

　　so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply. in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. so what do they do? they have to share space — squeezed invery limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe of ants.”and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their firstapartment. that ratio in america would only cost a couple five years to earn,but in china it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.

　　among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. they find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging. they work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. and they’re more vulnerable to joblosses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from europe or america for the products theyproduce. last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern oemmanufacturing compound in china: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. but they died because of all different personal reasons. but this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, ofthese migrant workers.

　　for those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the internet,they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create newbusiness in the less developed market. so for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.

　　these diagrams show a more general social background. the first one is the engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of dailynecessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms offamily income, to about 37-some percent. but then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. the gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in america — showing us the income inequality. and so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. and also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful isquite widespread. so any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.

　　so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,we can see what young people care most about. social justice and governmentaccountability runs the first in what they demand. for the past decade or so, amassive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports onthe forced demolition of private property. and it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet, people cry for thegovernment to take actions to stop this.

　　so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passedthe right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet. we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. and guesswhat, we have faked beef. they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on apiece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. and then lately,people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet. and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.

　　while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they’re a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. china is soon to pass the u.s. as the number one market for luxury brands — that’s not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere. but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s. dollars. they’re not rich atall. they’re taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle. but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.

　　so in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage. it does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. and also, people are doing good through social media. and the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted andstopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.people were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. and after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. and here also people are helping to find missing children. a father posted his son’s picture onto the internet. after thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.

　　so happiness is the most popular word we have heardthrough the past two years. happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it’s about the environment. people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the system ofself-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction goingon at the same time? i guess these are the questions people are going to answer. and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.

　　thank you very much.

　　译文：

　　来苏格兰(做ted讲演)的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是(来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的)苏珊大妈(susan boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”。为什么?这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女(蔡洪平)。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“song ni cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽。

　　我想susan boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。

　　我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年，当我刚大学毕业时，我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后，他问到，“杨小姐，你有什么想问我的吗?”，我屏住呼吸，问道“是的，你能告诉我，具体我需要销售些什么吗?” 当时的我，对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念，事实上，那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。

　　我当时也在参加另一场“面试”，中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜，与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说，他们希望找到一位甜美，无辜(lol)，漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候，我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上，女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮，甚至是服从性的一面?为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音?“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上，他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔，第三轮，第四轮，直至最后的第七场选拔，我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信，但在当时，我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个，不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目(掌声)。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。

　　几年以后，我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造，之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司，这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务，在过去这些年里，我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说，“杨澜，你改变了我的人生”，我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变：我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界，而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想，今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的?他们(与我们相比)有什么不同?他们将带给中国，甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化?

　　我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先，他们是谁，他们是什么样子?这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿，20岁，年轻漂亮。她在中国版的twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品，衣服，包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经，这引发了一场全民大讨论，民众开始质疑红十会的公信力。中国红十会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清，直至今日，对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续。

　　时至今日，我们所知道的事实是，她谎报了她的头衔，可能是因为她的虚荣心，希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的，而那位”男朋友 “的确曾经是红十会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂，总之，公众对他们的解释仍然不满意，这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出(中国社会)对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任，同时也表现出社交媒体(微博)巨大的社会影响力。

　　微博在XX年得到了爆炸性的增长，微博的访问用户增长了一倍，用户的访问时间是XX年的三倍。新浪(sina.com)，一个最主要的微博平台，拥有 1.4亿的微博用户，而腾讯拥有两亿用户。(在中国)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星，她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80%的微博用户是年轻人，三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下，社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些(民众观点的)分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多，从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈，有时候甚至过于强烈。

　　通过微博，我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先，他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代，在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎，现在(中国)的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万，这可能带来社会的不稳定(危险)，但是我们知道，在这个全球化的社会中，他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1%。在城市中，80%的孩子可以上大学，但他们将要面对的是一个，有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社会，这个数在2030年会增长到15%。在这个国家，传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人，这意味着，一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。

　　所以对于年轻人而言，生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民币)，而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支，他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言，他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言，他们只需要五年时间。

　　在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中，他们中的60%都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中，大多数人不愿意回到农村，但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业，受到通货膨胀，银行利率，人民币升值的影响，甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年，在中国南方的一个制造工厂里，有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命，一个接一个，像一场传染病。他们轻生的原因各有不同，但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府，需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。

　　对于那些回到农村的年轻人，他们所经历的城市生活，所学到的知识，技巧和建立的社会网络，让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下，他们更有可能获得工作，提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中，一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。

　　这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数(食品支出占总消费支出的比例)，可以看到在过去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降(37%)，然后在过去的两年中，这项指数上升到39%，说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4，到达0.5——这甚至高过了美国——体现出极大的贫富差距，所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时，“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延，任何与腐败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。

　　通过微博上很火的话题，我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中，急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻，这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候，被拆迁的住户以自杀和自焚的方式来抗议(强制拆迁行为)。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来，人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。

　　好消息是，今年早些时候，人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规，将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染，水污染，有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到，我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中，然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近，人们对食用油也很担忧，大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是，我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。

　　一方面，年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中;另一方面，他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国，成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国——这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗，超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的(年)收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕，他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明，自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然，我们也有更多的年轻人，喜欢微笑，不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。

　　在下一幅图中，你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“，这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”，这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房，不买车，不买钻戒，甚至不办婚宴的这个现实，作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时，人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里，这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来，准备被送去屠宰的狗，这辆车被网友们发现后，人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展，并且通过捐钱，捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后，这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上，在几千条”转发“之后，他的儿子被找到，家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。

　　“幸福(感)”是近两年中国的流行词汇。幸福感不仅仅与个人体验和价值观相关，更多的，它与环境息息相关。人们在思考：我们是否要牺牲环境来提升gdp?我们要怎样进行社会和政治体制的改革来应对经济的发展，保持稳定性和可持续性发展?同时，这个系统的自我修正能力是否足够强大，是否能够让生活在其中的人民接受在前进过程中的各种压力和困难?我想这些都是中国人民需要回答的问题，而中国的年轻一代将在改变这个国家的过程中也改变自己。

　　非常感谢。

　　thank you. (applause.) thank you so much. thank you. (applause.) please, thank you very much.

　　to president park, faculty, staff and students, thank you so much for this very warm welcome. it is a great honor to be here at hankuk university of foreign studies. (applause.) i want to thank dr. park for, a few moments ago, making me an honorary alumni of the university. (applause.)

　　i know that this school has one of the world’s finest foreign language programs -- which means that your english is much better than my korean. (laughter.) all i can say is, kamsa hamnida. (applause.)

　　now, this is my third visit to the republic of korea as president. i've now been to seoul more times than any other capital -- except for washington, d.c., of course. this reflects the extraordinary bonds between our two countries and our commitment to each other. i’m pleased that we’re joined by so many leaders here today, koreans and americans, who help keep us free and strong and prosperous every day. that includes our first korean-american ambassador to the republic of korea -- ambassador sung kim. (applause.)

　　i’ve seen the deep connections between our peoples in my own life -- among friends, colleagues. i’ve seen it so many patriotic korean americans, including a man born in this city of seoul, who came to america and has dedicated his life to lifting up the poor and sick of the world. and last week i was proud to nominate him to lead the world bank -- dr. jim yong kim. (applause.)

　　i’ve also seen the bonds in our men and women in uniform, like the american and korean troops i visited yesterday along the dmz -- freedom’s frontier. and we salute their service and are very grateful for them. we honor all those who have given their lives in our defense, including the 46 brave souls who perished aboard the cheonan two years ago today. and in their memory we reaffirm the enduring promise at the core of our alliance -- we stand together, and the commitment of the united states to the defense and the security of the republic of korea will never waver. (applause.)

　　most of all, i see the strength of our alliance in all of you. for decades, this school has produced leaders -- public servants, diplomats, businesspeople -- who’ve helped propel the modern miracle that is korea-- transforming it from crushing poverty to one of the world’s most dynamic economies; from authoritarianism to a thriving democracy; from a country focused inward to a leader for security and prosperity not only in this region but also around the world -- a truly “global korea.”

　　so to all the students here today, this is the korea your generation will inherit. and i believe there's no limits to what our two nations can achieve together. for like your parents and grandparents before you, you know that the future is what we make of it. and you know that in our digital age, we can connect and innovate across borders like never before -- with your smart phones and twitter and me2day and kakao talk. (laughter and applause.) it’s no wonder so many people around the world have caught the korean wave, hallyu. (applause.)

　　or consider this: in advance of my visit, our embassy invited koreans to send us your questions using social media. some of you may have sent questions. and they called it, "ask president obama." now, one of you -- maybe it was you, maybe it was somebody else -- this is true -- asked this question: “have you posted, yourself, a supportive opinion on a website under a disguised name, pretending you are one of the supporters of president obama?” (laughter.) i hadn’t thought of this. (laughter.) but the truth is i have not done this. maybe my daughters have. (laughter.) but i haven’t done that myself.

　　so our shared future -- and the unprecedented opportunity to meet shared challenges together -- is what brings me to seoul. over the next two days, under president lee’s leadership, we’ll move ahead with the urgent work of preventing nuclear terrorism by securing the world’s nuclear materials. this is an important part of the broader, comprehensive agenda that i want to talk with you about today -- our vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

　　three years ago, i traveled to prague and i declared america’s commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and to seeking a world without them. i said i knew that this goal would not be reached quickly, perhaps not in my lifetime, but i knew we had to begin, with concrete steps. and in your generation, i see the spirit we need in this endeavor -- an optimism that beats in the hearts of so many young people around the world. it’s that refusal to accept the world as it is, the imagination to see the world as it ought to be, and the courage to turn that vision into reality. so today, with you, i want to take stock of our journey and chart our next steps.

　　here in seoul, more than 50 nations will mark our progress toward the goal we set at the summit i hosted two years ago in washington -- securing the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials in four years so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. and since then, nations -- including the united states -- have boosted security at nuclear facilities.

　　south korea, japan, pakistan and others are building new centers to improve nuclear security and training. nations like kazakhstan have moved nuclear materials to more secure locations. mexico, and just yesterday ukraine, have joined the ranks of nations that have removed all the highly enriched uranium from their territory. all told, thousands of pounds of nuclear material have been removed from vulnerable sites around the world. this was deadly material that is now secure and can now never be used against a city like seoul.

　　we’re also using every tool at our disposal to break up black markets and nuclear material. countries like georgia and moldova have seized highly enriched uranium from smugglers. and countries like jordan are building their own counter-smuggling teams, and we’re tying them together in a global network of intelligence and law enforcement. nearly 20 nations have now ratified the treaties and international partnerships that are at the center of our efforts. and i should add that with the death of osama bin laden and the major blows that we’ve struck against al qaeda, a terrorist organization that has actively sought nuclear weapons is now on the path to defeat.

　　so in short, the international community has made it harder than ever for terrorists to acquire nuclear weapons, and that has made us all safer. we’re building an international architecture that can ensure nuclear safety. but we’re under no illusions. we know that nuclear material, enough for many weapons, is still being stored without adequate protection. and we know that terrorists and criminal gangs are still trying to get their hands on it -- as well as radioactive material for a dirty bomb. we know that just the smallest amount of plutonium -- about the size of an apple -- could kill hundreds of thousands and spark a global crisis. the danger of nuclear terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to global security.

　　and that's why here in seoul, we need to keep at it. and i believe we will. we’re expecting dozens of nations to announce over the next several days that they’ve fulfilled the promises they made two years ago. and we’re now expecting more commitments -- tangible, concrete action -- to secure nuclear materials and, in some cases, remove them completely. this is the serious, sustained global effort that we need, and it's an example of more nations bearing the responsibility and the costs of meeting global challenges. this is how the international community should work in the 21st century. and korea is one of the key leaders in this process.

　　the united states will continue to do our part -- securing our own material and helping others protect theirs. we’re moving forward with russia to eliminate enough plutonium for about 17,000 nuclear weapons and turn it instead into electricity. i can announce today a new agreement by the united states and several european partners toward sustaining the supply of medical isotopes that are used to treat cancer and heart disease without the use of highly enriched uranium. and we will work with industry and hospitals and research centers in the united states and around the world, to recover thousands of unneeded radiological materials so that they can never do us harm.

　　now, american leadership has been essential to progress in a second area -- taking concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. as a party to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, this is our obligation, and it’s one that i take very seriously. but i believe the united states has a unique responsibility to act -- indeed, we have a moral obligation. i say this as president of the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons. i say it as a commander-in-chief who knows that our nuclear codes are never far from my side. most of all, i say it as a father, who wants my two young daughters to grow up in a world where everything they know and love can’t be instantly wiped out.

　　over the past three years, we’ve made important progress. with russia, we’re now reducing our arsenal under the new start treaty -- the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly 20 years. and when we’re done, we will have cut american and russian deployed nuclear warheads to their lowest levels since the 1950s.

　　as president, i changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. i made it clear that the united states will not develop new nuclear warheads. and we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. we’ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. at the same time, i’ve made it clear that so long as nuclear weapons exist, we’ll work with our congress to maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal that guarantees the defense not only of the united states but also our allies -- including south korea and japan.

　　my administration’s nuclear posture recognizes that the massive nuclear arsenal we inherited from the cold war is poorly suited to today’s threats, including nuclear terrorism. so last summer, i directed my national security team to conduct a comprehensive study of our nuclear forces. that study is still underway. but even as we have more work to do, we can already say with confidence that we have more nuclear weapons than we need. even after new start, the united states will still have more than 1,500 deployed nuclear weapons, and some 5,000 warheads.

　　i firmly believe that we can ensure the security of the united states and our allies, maintain a strong deterrent against any threat, and still pursue further reductions in our nuclear arsenal.

　　going forward, we’ll continue to seek discussions with russia on a step we have never taken before -- reducing not only our strategic nuclear warheads, but also tactical weapons and warheads in reserve. i look forward to discussing this agenda with president putin when we will meet in may. missile defense will be on the agenda, but i believe this should be an area of cooperation, not tension. and i’m confident that, working together, we can continue to make progress and reduce our nuclear stockpiles. of course, we’ll consult closely with our allies every step of the way, because the security and defense of our allies, both in europe and asia, is not negotiable.

　　here in asia, we've urged china -- with its growing nuclear arsenal -- to join us in a dialogue on nuclear issues. that offer remains open. and more broadly, my administration will continue to pursue ratification of the comprehensive test ban treaty. and after years of delay, it’s time to find a path forward on a new treaty that verifiably ends the production of fissile materials for nuclear weapons -- ends it once and for all.

　　by working to meet our responsibilities as a nuclear power, we’ve made progress in a third area -- strengthening the global regime that prevents the spread of nuclear weapons. when i came into office, the cornerstone of the world’s effort -- which is the nuclear non-proliferation treaty -- was fraying. iran had started spinning thousands of centrifuges. north korea conducted another nuclear test. and the international community was largely divided on how to respond.

　　over the past three years, we have begun to reverse that dynamic. working with others, we’ve enhanced the global partnership that prevent proliferation. the international atomic energy agency is now conducting the strongest inspections ever. and we’ve upheld the basic bargain of the npt: countries with nuclear weapons, like the united states and russia, will move towards disarmament; countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them; and all countries can have access to peaceful nuclear energy.

　　because of these efforts, the international community is more united and nations that attempt to flout their obligations are more isolated. of course, that includes north korea.

　　here in korea, i want to speak directly to the leaders in pyongyang. the united states has no hostile intent toward your country. we are committed to peace. and we are prepared to take steps to improve relations, which is why we have offered nutritional aid to north korean mothers and children.

　　but by now it should be clear, your provocations and pursuit of nuclear weapons have not achieved the security you seek; they have undermined it. instead of the dignity you desire, you're more isolated. instead of earning the respect of the world, you've been met with strong sanctions and condemnation. you can continue down the road you are on, but we know where that leads. it leads to more of the same -- more broken dreams, more isolation, ever more distance between the people of north korea and the dignity and the opportunity that they deserve.

　　and know this: there will be no rewards for provocations. those days are over. to the leaders of pyongyang i say, this is the choice before you. this is the decision that you must make. today we say, pyongyang, have the courage to pursue peace and give a better life to the people of north korea. (applause.)

　　this same principle applies with respect to iran. under the npt, iran has the right to peaceful nuclear energy. in fact, time and again the international community -- including the united states -- has offered to help iran develop nuclear energy peacefully. but time and again iran has refused, instead taking the path of denial, deceit and deception. and that is why iran also stands alone, as the only member of the npt unable to convince the international community that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes -- the only member. that’s why the world has imposed unprecedented sanctions, slowing iran’s nuclear program.

　　the international community is now poised to enter talks with iran’s leaders. once again, there is the possibility of a diplomatic resolution that gives iran access to peaceful nuclear energy while addressing the concerns of the international community. today, i’ll meet with the leaders of russia and china as we work to achieve a resolution in which iran fulfills its obligations.

　　there is time to solve this diplomatically. it is always my preference to solve these issues diplomatically. but time is short. iran’s leaders must understand they, too, face a choice. iran must act with the seriousness and sense of urgency that this moment demands. iran must meet its obligations.

　　for the global response to iran and north korea’s intransigence, a new international norm is emerging: treaties are binding; rules will be enforced; and violations will have consequences. we refuse to consign ourselves to a future where more and more regimes possess the world’s most deadly weapons.

　　and this brings me to the final area where we’ve made progress -- a renewed commitment to harnessing the power of the atom not for war, but for peaceful purposes. after the tragedy at fukushima, it was right and appropriate that nations moved to improve the safety and security of nuclear facilities. we’re doing so in the united states. it’s taking place all across the world.

　　as we do, let’s never forget the astonishing benefits that nuclear technology has brought to our lives. nuclear technology helps make our food safe. it prevents disease in the developing world. it’s the high-tech medicine that treats cancer and finds new cures. and, of course, it’s the energy -- the clean energy that helps cut the carbon pollution that contributes to climate change. here in south korea, as you know, as a leader in nuclear energy, you’ve shown the progress and prosperity that can be achieved when nations embrace peaceful nuclear energy and reject the development of nuclear arms.

　　and with rising oil prices and a warming climate, nuclear energy will only become more important. that’s why, in the united states, we’ve restarted our nuclear industry as part of a comprehensive strategy to develop every energy source. we supported the first new nuclear power plant in three decades. we’re investing in innovative technologies so we can build the next generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants. and we’re training the next generation of scientists and engineers who are going to unlock new technologies to carry us forward.

　　one of the great challenges they’ll face and that your generation will face is the fuel cycle itself in producing nuclear energy. we all know the problem: the very process that gives us nuclear energy can also put nations and terrorists within the reach of nuclear weapons. we simply can’t go on accumulating huge amounts of the very material, like separated plutonium, that we’re trying to keep away from terrorists.

　　and that’s why we’re creating new fuel banks, to help countries realize the energy they seek without increasing the nuclear dangers that we fear. that’s why i’ve called for a new framework for civil nuclear cooperation. we need an international commitment to unlocking the fuel cycle of the future. in the united states we’re investing in the research and development of new fuel cycles so that dangerous materials can’t be stolen or diverted. and today i urge nations to join us in seeking a future where we harness the awesome power of the atom to build and not to destroy.

　　in this sense, we see how the efforts i’ve described today reinforce each other. when we enhance nuclear security, we’re in a stronger position to harness safe, clean nuclear energy. when we develop new, safer approaches to nuclear energy, we reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism and proliferation. when nations, including my own, fulfill our responsibilities, it strengthens our ability to ensure that other nations fulfill their responsibilities. and step by step, we come closer to the security and peace of a world without nuclear weapons.

　　i know that there are those who deride our vision. there are those who say ours is an impossible goal that will be forever out of reach. but to anyone who doubts the great progress that is possible, i tell them, come to korea. come to this country, which rose from the ashes of war -- (applause) -- a country that rose from the ashes of war, turning rubble into gleaming cities. stand where i stood yesterday, along a border that is the world’s clearest contrast between a country committed to progress, a country committed to its people, and a country that leaves its own citizens to starve.

　　come to this great university, where a new generation is taking its place in the world -- (applause) -- helping to create opportunities that your parents and grandparents could only imagine. come and see some of the courageous individuals who join us today -- men and women, young and old, born in the north, but who left all they knew behind and risked their lives to find freedom and opportunity here in the south. in your life stories we see the truth -- koreans are one people. and if just given the chance, if given their freedom, koreans in the north are capable of great progress as well. (applause.)

　　looking out across the dmz yesterday, but also looking into your eyes today, i’m reminded of another country’s experience that speaks to the change that is possible in our world. after a terrible war, a proud people was divided. across a fortified border, armies massed, ready for war. for decades, it was hard to imagine a different future. but the forces of history and hopes of man could not be denied. and today, the people of germany are whole again -- united and free.

　　no two places follow the same path, but this much is true: the currents of history cannot be held back forever. the deep longing for freedom and dignity will not go away. (applause.) so, too, on this divided peninsula. the day all koreans yearn for will not come easily or without great sacrifice. but make no mistake, it will come. (applause.) and when it does, change will unfold that once seemed impossible. and checkpoints will open and watchtowers will stand empty, and families long separated will finally be reunited. and the korean people, at long last, will be whole and free.

　　like our vision of a world without nuclear weapons, our vision of a korea that stands as one may not be reached quickly. but from this day until then, and all the days that follow, we take comfort in knowing that the security we seek, the peace we want, is closer at hand because of the great alliance between the united states and the republic of korea -- (applause) -- and because we stand for the dignity and freedom of all koreans. (applause.) and no matter the test, no matter the trial, we stand together. we work together. we go together. (applause.)

　　katchi kapshida!

　　thank you very much. (applause.)

　　奥巴马总统：谢谢你们。(掌声)非常感谢。谢谢。(掌声)非常感谢。

　　朴(park)校长、教职员工和同学们，非常感谢你们这么热情的欢迎。来到韩国外国语大学(hankuk university of foreign studies)令我深感荣幸。(掌声)我要感谢朴博士刚才宣布我为贵校的荣誉校友。

　　我知道贵校拥有世界上最好的外语学习项目之一，这就是说你们的英语比我的韩语要好得多。(笑声)我只能说kamsa hamnida(韩文，意为“谢谢”)。(掌声)

　　这是我作为总统对大韩民国的第三次访问。我到访首尔的次数超过了访问任何其他国家首都的次数——当然除了华盛顿以外。这体现了我们两国之间不同寻常的关系和相互支持。我非常高兴，今天有如此众多的使我们每天享有自由、强大和繁荣的韩美领导人在座，其中包括我国首次由美国韩裔担任的驻韩大使——金成(sung kim)大使。(掌声)

　　我在自己的生活中看到了我们两国人民之间根深叶茂的联系——在朋友和同事中间。我看到，有如此多的爱国的美国韩裔——包括一个出生在首尔市的人—— 到美国后毕生致力于帮助世界上的穷人和病人摆脱困境。上个星期，我荣幸地提名他为世界银行(world bank)行长——金辰勇(jim yong kim)博士。(掌声)

　　我还看到了我们两国身着军装的男女军人之间的纽带，我昨天在被称为自由前沿(freedom’s frontier)的非军事区(dmz)所访问的美韩部队就是这样。他们为国效力，我们向他们致敬，并向他们表示深切的感谢。我向所有为保卫我们而捐躯的军人表示敬意，包括两年前的今天在“天安”号(cheonan)上逝去的46个英魂。为了纪念他们，我们重申作为两国同盟的核心的持久承诺——我们站在一起，我们对大韩民国的防卫与安全所作的承诺永不动摇。(掌声)

　　最重要的是，我们从你们大家身上看到了两国同盟的力量。数十年来，贵校培养了各方面的领军人物——为推动韩国这一现代奇迹向前迈进而作出贡献的公务员、外交人员和工商界人士，他们把韩国从一个极度贫穷的国家变成世界上最有活力的经济体之一，把它从一个专制国家变成一个欣欣向荣的民主国家，从一个仅关注自身的内向国家变成一个带头维护本地区乃至全世界安全与繁荣的国家——一个真正的“全球韩国”。

　　因此，我要对今天所有在座的学生们说，这就是你们这一代人将要传承的韩国。我相信，我们两国可以共同做到的事是没有限度的。就像你们的父辈和祖辈，你们也知道未来是靠我们自己来创造的。你们知道，在我们这个数化时代，我们能够做到从未做过的，通过你们的智能电话、推特、me2day(韩国提供微博服务的网站-译注)和kakao talk(一种通讯应用程序-译注)，穿越国境进行联系和开展创新。(笑声和掌声)难怪世界上有这么多人着迷于韩流，hallyu。(掌声)

　　再考虑一下这一点：在我到访前，我国大使馆邀请韩国人通过社会媒体向我们提出你们的问题。你们有些人可能已经发送了问题。他们将此称为，“问一问欧巴马总统”。你们当中有一个人——或许是你，或许是别人——这是真的——问了这么一个问题：“你本人有没有假装成欧巴马总统的一个拥护者，在某个网站上用假名贴出表达支持欧巴马总统意见的帖子?”(笑声)我没有想到过要这么做。(笑声)事实是，我没有这么做过。也许我的女儿们这么做了。(笑声)但我自己没这么做过。

　　因此，我们共同的未来，以及我们一道应对共同挑战的前所未有的机会，是我前来首尔的目的。在今后两天里，在李(lee)总统的主持下，我们将开展一项紧急工作，通过确保全世界核材料的安全来防止核恐怖主义。这是我今天想跟你们谈一谈的更广泛、更全面的议程的一个重要部分——我们关于一个没有核武器的世界的愿景。

　　三年前，我前往布拉格(prague)，宣布美国承诺制止核武器扩散，寻求一个无核武器的世界。我当时说我知道这个目标不可能很快实现，也许在我的有生之年没有可能，但我知道我们必须开始行动，并采取具体步骤。在你们这一代，我看到我们作出这一努力所需要的精神——洋溢在全世界各地如此多的年轻人心中的乐观情绪。这就是不甘于世界的现状，要求实现世界应有状态的想象力和让这一愿望转变为现实的勇气。所以，今天，我想与你们一起确定我们的历程并规划下一步行动。

　　在汉城，为了实现两年前我们在华盛顿由我主持华盛顿峰会期间制定的目标，50多个国家将取得我们的进展。预定的目标要求在4年内保障全世界危险的核材料的安全，永远不使这些材料落入恐怖主义分子之手。从那时起，各国——包括美国在内——都增强了核设施的安全。

　　韩国、日本、巴基斯坦等国正在建设新的中心，加强核安全和训练。例如萨克斯坦等国已经把核材料转移到更安全的地方。墨西哥已和其他国家一起从本国国土上消除所有的高浓缩铀。昨天乌克兰也加入了这个行列。总而言之，数千磅核材料已从全世界安全环节薄弱的设施被消除。这些都是致命的材料，如今已有保障，再也不会被用于袭击像首尔这样的城市。

　　我们还利用我们所掌握的每一个工具，打击黑市和核材料走私。格鲁吉亚和摩尔多瓦等国已从走私犯手中截获了高浓缩铀。约旦等国家正在建立自己的反走私队伍，我们把他们联合起来组成一个情报和执法的全​​球网络。近20个国家已经批准了作为我们核心工作的条约和国际合作伙伴关系。我要补充说，在我们击毙乌萨马·本·拉登(osama bin laden)并重创基地组织后，这个妄图寻求核武器的恐怖主义组织正在走向毁灭。

　　因此，简言之，国际社会已经比以往任何时候都让恐怖主义分子更难获取核武器，使我们大家更安全。我们正在建立一个可以确保核安全的国际架构。但我们并不心存幻想。我们知道，足以制造许多武器的核材料仍然储藏在缺乏足够保护的地方。我们知道，恐怖主义分子和犯罪团伙仍有觊觎之心——还包括制作脏弹的放射性材料。我们知道，数量很少的一点点钚——约一个苹果大小——就可以杀死成千上万的人，并引发一场全球性危机。核恐怖主义的危险仍然是对全球安全最大的威胁之一。

　　这就是为什么我们需要在首尔再接再厉。而且我相信我们能做到。我们期待着几十个国家在未来几天宣布，他们已经完成了他们两年前作出的承诺。现在，我们正期待更多的承诺——切实的具体行动——保障核材料的安全，在有些情况下完全消除核材料。这是我们需要进行的认真和持续的全球性努力。这是更多的国家为应对全球性挑战承担责任和代价的一个范例。这说明国际社会在21世纪应该如何工作。韩国是这个过程的主导力量之一。

　　美国将继续尽我们的职责——保护我们自己的核材料，也帮助他人保护他们的核材料。我们正在与俄罗斯一起努力，销毁足以制造约17,000件核武器的钚，使其转换为电能。我今天可以宣布，美国和几个欧洲合作伙伴已达成的新协议，保障治疗癌症和心脏病的医用同位素的供应，不再使用高浓缩铀。我们将与美国和全世界有关行业、医院和研究中心共同努力，回收数千项不需要的放射性材料，使它们不能危害我们。

　　美国的领导地位对于在第二个领域取得进步是必不可少的——采取具体措施实现无核武器的世界。作为《不扩散核武器条约》(nuclear nonproliferation treaty)的缔约国，这是我们的义务，是一个我非常认真地对待的义务。我相信美国有独特的责任采取行动——事实上，我们有道德的义务。我这样说，作为有史以来唯一使用过核武器的国家的总统。我这样说，作为一名总司令，我知道我们的核武器密码从来没有远离过我的身旁。最重要的是，我这样说，也作为一位父亲，他希望自己两个年幼的女儿，能够在一个她们所熟悉和喜爱的一切都不会被立即化为乌有的世界上成长。

　　过去三年以来，我们取得了重要进展。我们与俄罗斯基于《削减战略武器新条约》((new start treaty)——这是近20 来最为全面的军备控制协议——正在削减我们的核武库。在完成这一轮削减后，美国和俄罗斯将把核弹头部署数量减少到自上世纪50年代以来的最低水平。

　　作为美国总统，我改变了我们的核武器态势以减少核武器数量及其在我们的国家安全战略中的作用。我明确表示，美国将不发展新的核弹头，我们将不进行有关核武器的新的军事使命。我们缩小了可能使用或威胁使用核武器的突发事件的范围。与此同时，我也明确表示，只要核武器还存在一天，我就将与我们的国会共同努力来维持一个安全、有保障并且有效的核武库，不仅能保卫美国，而且能保卫我们的盟国——包括韩国和日本。

　　本届政府的核态势体现这样一种认识，即我们从冷战时期所继承的巨大的核武库不能适应包括核恐怖主义在内的当代威胁。因此，去年夏天，我指示我的国家安全班子对我们的的核力量进行全面考察，这项工作仍在进行。但即使仍有许多工作待做，我们已经能够有把握地说，我们拥有的核武器超出我们的需要。即使在落实《削减战略武器新条约》以后，美国部署的核武器仍将超过1,500多件并拥有大约5,000枚弹头。

　　我坚信，我们能够在进一步削减我们的核武库的同时，保障美国和我们盟国的安全，并对任何类型的威胁保持强有力的遏制能力。

　　展望未来，我们将继续谋求与俄罗斯讨论一个我们从未采取过的步骤——不仅削减我们的战略核弹头，而且削减战术武器和储备弹头。我期待着在5月间与普京总统(president putin)会晤时讨论这一议题。导弹防御计划也将在我们的议程中，但我相信，这应是一个我们共同合作而不是对抗的领域。我有信心，通过共同努力，我们能继续取得进展并减少我们的核军备。当然，我们将在前行道路上就每一步骤与我们的盟国密切磋商，因为我们欧洲和亚洲盟国的安全与防卫是不容讨价还价的。

　　在亚洲这里，我们已经敦促核军备日益扩大的中国就核问题加入我们的对话。这一邀请仍然有效。就更广泛的层面来说，本届政府将继续寻求使《全面禁止核试验条约》(comprehensive test ban treaty)获得批准。经过多年的拖延，现在是就一项新条约找出前进之路的时候了，新条约将以可验证的方式终止用于核武器的裂变材料的生产，从而一劳永逸地解决这个问题。

　　通过努力履行我们作为一个核大国的责任，我们也在第三个领域取得进展，那就是加强了防止核武器扩散的全球性体制。当我就任总统时，国际努力的根基 ——《不扩散核武器条约》——正在受到侵蚀;伊朗已开始旋转数百个离心机;北韩又进行了一次核试验;而国际社会就如何应对局面在很大程度上陷入分歧。

　　过去三年以来，我们开始逆转这种态势。通过与其他国家的合作，我们加强了防止核扩散的全球伙伴合作关系。国际原子能机构(international atomic energy agency)目前正在进行有史以来最为严格的检查。我们始终坚持《不扩散核武器条约》的基本条件：美国和俄罗斯等拥有核武器的国家将走向核裁军;尚未拥有核武器的国家将不寻求核武器;所有国家都能和平利用核能。

　　由于这些努力，国际社会更为团结一致，试图无视自身义务的国家更为孤立，其中当然包括北韩。

　　在韩国这里，我想直接对平壤的领导人说，美国对你们的国家没有敌意。我们致力于和平。我们有准备采取步骤改善关系，正因为如此，我们向北韩的母亲和儿童提供了营养援助。

　　然而，现在应该已经清楚，你们的挑衅行为和谋求发展核武器并没有给你们带来所希望的安全，而是危及了安全。你们并没有得到你们渴望的尊严，而是变得更孤立。你们没有赢得世界的尊重，而是受到强烈的制裁和谴责。你们可以继续沿着你们目前的道路走下去，但是我们知道其归宿。它只会导致重蹈旧辙——更多破粹的梦想，更多的孤立，北韩人民与他们所应有的尊严和机会之间的距离更遥远。

　　要知道：挑衅不会有好结果。那些日子已一去不复返。我想奉劝平壤领导人，你们须作出选择。这是你们必须作出的决定。今天，我们要说：平壤，鼓起勇气谋求和平，给北韩人民带来更好的生活。(掌声)。

　　同样的原则也适用于伊朗。根据《不扩散核武器条约》，伊朗有权发展和平用途的核能。事实上，国际社会，包括美国在内，多次提出帮助伊朗和平发展核能。然而，伊朗一再拒绝，并走上一条否认、欺骗和隐瞒的道路。因此，伊朗也陷于孤立，是《不扩散核武器条约》成员中惟一不能让国际社会相信其核计划是用于和平目的的国家——惟一的成员。所以，世界才实施了前所未有的制裁，以减缓伊朗的核计划。

　　国际社会如今作好准备与伊朗领导人举行会谈。再次有可能通过外交方式 解决问题，使伊朗在就国际社会所关注的问题作出回响的同时，得到和平的核能源。今天，我将会晤俄罗斯和中国的领导人，我们正在努力达成一项决议，使伊朗履行其义务。

　　仍然有时间通过外交手段解决问题。我始终更希望以外交手段解决这些问题。然而，时间不多。伊朗领导人必须明白他们也面临着选择。伊朗必须识时务地认真而紧迫地采取行动。伊朗必须履行其义务。

　　面对伊朗和北韩的不妥协，全球正出现新的国际标准：即条约具有约束力，规则将付诸实施，违约将受到制裁。我们拒绝接受一个有越来越多的政权拥有世界上最致命武器的未来。

　　由此引出我要谈的我们已经取得进展的最后一个领域，即重新致力于将原子能用于和平而非战争目的。福岛(fukushima)悲剧发生后，有关国家采取行动加强核设施的稳定与安全，这是正确和应有的做法。我们在美国也在这么做。全世界都在这样做。

　　与此同时，让我们不要忘记核技术已为我们的生活所带来的巨大好处。核技术使我们的食品安全。它在发展中国家预防疾病。它提供治疗癌症和寻求新疗法的高技术药物。当然，它是能源——是清洁的能源，有助于减少导致气候变化的碳污染。正如你们诸位所知道的，韩国作为核能源的带头国已经显示出，国家谋求和平运用核能源并拒绝发展核武器所能带来的进步与繁荣。

　　随着油价上涨及气候变暖，核能只会变得更加重要。这就是为什么我们在美国已经重新启动我们的核工业，把它列为开发各种能源的全面战略的内容之一。我们支持了30年来的第一个新建核电厂。我们现在正投资于创新技术以便建立既安全、又清洁的新一代核电厂。我们正在培训下一代科学家和工程师，他们将利用各种新技术带领我们前进。

　　他们以及你们这一代人将会面临的巨大挑战之一是在生产核能的过程中燃料自身的循环。我们都知道有这样一个问题： 为我们提供核能的程序也有可能让某些国家和恐怖主义分子易于取得核武器。无论如何，我们不能继续大量堆积那些我们正想方设法不让恐怖分子获得的材料，例如已分离的钚。

　　这就是为什么我们要创建新的燃料库，帮助一些国家在不增加我们所担心的核危险的情况下得到它们寻求获得的能源。这就是为什么我呼吁建立一个新的民用核合作框架。我们需要有一项关于利用未来燃料循环的国际承诺。在美国，我们正投资于研究和开发新型燃料循环，不让危险的材料被窃取或转移。今天，我敦促各国与我国共同努力实现一个让我们将原子的惊人威力用于建设而不用于毁灭的未来。

　　在这个意义上，我们能看到今天我所阐明的各项努力是怎样相辅相成的。当我们加强核安全时，我们便处于更稳固的地位去驾驭安全、清洁的核能。当我们开发出获取核能的新的、更加安全的方法时，我们便减少了核恐怖主义和核扩散的风险。当包括我国在内的各国履行自己的职责时，便加强了我们确保其他国家也履行职责的能力。一步接着一步，我们会越来越接近于实现一个没有核武器的安全与和平的世界。

　　我知道有一些人对我们的愿景嗤之以鼻。有一些人说我们的愿景是一个永远不可能实现的目标。而我要告诉任何一个对这个有可能实现的伟大进展持怀疑态度的人：请你到韩国来看一看。请你来到这个在战争废墟上重建的国家——(掌声)——这是一个在战争废墟上重建的国家，它把一堆堆瓦砾变成了一座座光彩夺目的城市。请站在我昨天站过的地方，站在世界上对比最鲜明的边境线上，一边是一个致力于发展、致力于为其人民服务的国家;另一边是让本国公民忍饥挨饿的国家。

　　请来到这所伟大的大学，这里的新一代人正在这个世界各显身手——(掌声)——帮助创造你们的父辈和祖辈可望而不可即的机会。请你来看一看今天在我们中间的那些有勇气的人士——不分男女、 不分老幼，这些人虽然出生在北方，但他们离乡背井、冒着生命危险来到南方这里寻找自由和机会。从你们的人生历程中，我们看到这样一个事实：两韩人民都是同胞。只要给予他们机会，如果赋予他们自由，北韩人同样有能力取得巨大的进步。(掌声)

　　昨天远眺 “非军事区”而今天注视着你们的目光，让我想到了另一个国家的历程，它展现出我们这个世界有可能产生的变革。在一场可怕的战争过后，有尊严的一国人民被分隔开来。在戒备森严的边境两侧部署着大批军队，戎装待战。在长达数十年的时间里，人们难以想见一种不同的前景。然而，历史的力量以及人民的希望是不容否定的。今天，德国人民重又成为一个整体——统一而且自由。

　　任何两个地区所走的道路都不会完全相同，但千真万确的是：历史的潮流不可阻挡。对自由和尊严的深切渴求不会消失。(掌声)在这个分裂的半岛上也是如此。那个朝鲜半岛全体人民都向往的日子不会轻易到来，也不会没有巨大代价。但毋庸置疑的是，这一天终将到来。(掌声)当它来临之时，一度看似不可能实现的变革将全面铺开。哨卡将打开，岗楼将撤空，长期分隔两地的亲人终将团聚。朝鲜半岛人民在多年之后终将成为统一、自由的人民。

　　正如我们要在全世界消除核武器的愿景一样，我们希望朝鲜半岛合而为一的愿景可能无法迅速实现。但从这一天起，一直到那个时刻以及其后的所有日子可以令人感到欣慰的是，我们知道我们所寻求的安全以及我们所向往的和平因为有美利坚合众国和大韩民国之间的伟大同盟——(掌声)——因为我们誓将捍卫朝鲜半岛全体人民的尊严和自由而日益接近。(掌声)无论要面临什么样的考验，无论要经受什么样的磨难，我们都将站在一起。我们都将并肩努力。我们都将共同前进。(掌声)

　　katchi kapshida! (韩文，意为“我们一起来!”)

　　非常感谢大家。(掌声)

　　国务院总理xx当地时间21日下午在瑞士达沃斯出席世界经济论坛XX年会，并在全会上发表题为《维护和平稳定 推动结构改革 增强发展新动能》的特别致辞。以下是应届毕业生演讲网的小编为您搜集整理的致辞全文如下：

　　chinese premier li keqiang delivers a keynote speech titled "uphold peace and stability, advance structural reform and generate new momentum for development," at the world economic forum (wef) annual meeting in davos, switzerland, on jan. 21, XX. following is the full text of li's speech:

　　维护和平稳定 推动结构改革 增强发展新动能

　　——在世界经济论坛XX年会上的特别致辞

　　中国国务院总理 xx

　　(XX年1月21日，瑞士达沃斯)

　　uphold peace and stability, advance structural reform and generate new momentum for development

　　special address by chinese premier li keqiang

　　at the world economic forum annual meeting XX

　　davos, 21 january XX

　　尊敬的施瓦布主席，

　　尊敬的索马鲁加主席，

　　尊敬的各位贵宾，

　　女士们，先生们，朋友们：

　　professor klaus schwab,

　　president simonetta sommaruga,

　　distinguished guests,

　　ladies and gentlemen,

　　dear friends,

　　很高兴时隔5年再次来到达沃斯，出席世界经济论坛XX年会。达沃斯小镇十分宁静祥和，但我们所处的世界却并不平静，国际社会需要应对新局势。我还听说，达沃斯曾经是治疗肺病的疗养地，因为盘尼西林的发明而转型。时至今日，达沃斯已经成为“头脑风暴”的智力中心，世界也需要新的“盘尼西林”来应对新挑战。

　　it gives me great pleasure to come to davos again after five years to attend the world economic forum annual meeting XX. davos is a town of peace and serenity, yet the world outside is not tranquil. we need to work together to shape the world in a new global context. i was told that davos used to be a resort for recuperation from lung diseases, and the later discovery of penicillin changed that. now it is a place for people to gather and pool their wisdom for "brain-storm". personally, i find this more than relevant, because our world also needs new forms of "penicillin" to tackle new challenges that have emerged.

　　毋庸讳言，当今世界远非太平，地区热点、局部冲突以及恐怖袭击等此起彼伏，对人类社会构成现实威胁;全球经济又复苏乏力，主要经济体走势分化，大宗商品价格反复波动，通货紧缩迹象更雪上加霜。不少人对世界前景抱有悲观情绪，认为不仅和平与安宁出了问题，发展也难见曙光。

　　admittedly, the world today is by no means trouble-free. regional hotspots, local conflicts and terrorist attacks continue to flare up, posing immediate threats to humanity. global economic recovery lacks speed and momentum. major economies are performing unevenly. commodity prices are going through frequent fluctuations. and signs of deflation have made the situation even worse. in fact, many people are quite pessimistic about the future of the world. they believe that the guarantee of peace is weak, and the prospect of development is elusive.

　　有哲人说过，当问题出现的时候，不能用曾经制造问题的办法去解决它。老问题的解决，不能再从对抗、仇恨、封闭中谋答案;新问题的应对，更要在对话、协商、合作中找出路。我们要吸取历史经验，运用时代智慧，寻求各方利益的最大公约数。人类在艰难时刻，总是能激起突破困境的勇气，迸发出变革创新的力量。

　　a philosopher once observed that we cannot solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. indeed, old problems can no longer be solved by clinging to the outdated mindset of confrontation, hatred and isolation. dialogue, consultation and cooperation must be explored to find solutions to new problems. it is important that we draw lessons from history, and pool our collective wisdom to maximize the convergence of interests among countries. fortunately, in time of hardship and trial, mankind have always been able to find the courage to get out of the predicament and move ahead through change and innovation.

　　面对复杂的国际局势，我们主张要坚定维护和平稳定。今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。保持世界和平稳定，符合各国人民共同利益。二战后形成的国际秩序和普遍公认的国际关系准则，必须维护而不能打破，否则繁荣和发展也就无从谈起。国家间应摈弃冷战思维与零和游戏，“赢者通吃”是行不通的。任何地区热点和地缘冲突，都应坚持通过政治手段、以和平方式寻求解决。我们反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将继续走和平发展道路，维护地区稳定，无意与任何国家一争高下。世界各国都要像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护和平，让文明理性正义之花开遍世界。

　　in a world facing complex international situation, we should all work together to uphold peace and stability. this year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the world's anti-fascist war. to uphold peace and stability serves the interests of all people in the world. the world order established after world war ii as well as generally recognized norms governing international relations must be maintained, not overturned. otherwise, prosperity and development could be jeopardized. the cold war and zero-sum mentalities must be abandoned. the "winner takes all" approach will not work. regional hotspots and geopolitical conflicts must be resolved peacefully through political means. terrorism, in all its manifestations, must be opposed. china remains committed to peaceful development and regional stability. and china has no intention to compete with other countries for supremacy. peace in the world must be cherished the same as we cherish our eyes, so that the achievements and benefits of civilization, including reason and justice, will prevail.

　　面对多元的世界文明，我们主张要共同促进和谐相处。文化多样性与生物多样性一样，是我们这个星球最值得珍视的天然宝藏。人类社会是各种文明都能盛开的百花园，不同文化之间、不同宗教之间，都应相互尊重、和睦共处。同可相亲，异宜相敬。国际社会应以海纳百川的胸怀，求同存异、包容互鉴、合作共赢。

　　in a world of diverse civilizations, we should all seek to live in harmony. cultural diversity, like biodiversity, is a most precious treasure endowed to us on this planet. and human society is like a garden where all human civilizations blossom. different cultures and religions need to respect and live in harmony with each other. while maintaining the natural close ties among those with whom we see eye to eye, we also need to respect those with whom we disagree. like the vast ocean admitting all rivers that run into it, members of the international community need to work together to expand common ground while accepting differences, and seek win-win progress through inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.

　　面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。

　　in a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. what has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven years ago proves that to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over the difficulties. we are all interdependent in this world. while we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests and achieve common development. an european proverb says, "when the wind of change blows, some build walls, while others build windmills." we need to act along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. we need to build global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a new technological revolution. while the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform. structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is an effective way to foster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for global development.

　　女士们，先生们!

　　ladies and gentlemen,

　　我知道，与会者对中国经济前景很关注，或许有人担忧受到中国经济速度放缓的拖累，还有人担忧受到中国经济转型的冲击。因此，我想多介绍中国的情况。

　　i know you are all interested in the outlook of the chinese economy. some of you may even worry about the possible potential impact of china's economic slowdown and transition. to ease your concerns, let me spend more time today on what is really happening in china.

　　当前，中国经济发展进入新常态，经济由高速增长转为中高速增长，发展必须由中低端水平迈向中高端水平，为此要坚定不移推动结构性改革。

　　the chinese economy has entered a state of new normal. the gear of growth is shifting from high speed to medium-to-high speed, and development needs to move from low-to-medium level to medium-to-high level. this has made it all the more necessary for us to press ahead with structural reform.

　　应当看到，中国经济增速有所放缓，既有世界经济深度调整的大背景，也是内在的经济规律。现在，中国经济规模已居世界第二，基数增大，即使是7%的增长，年度现价增量也达到8000多亿美元，比5年前增长10%的数量还要大。经济运行处在合理区间，不一味追求速度了，紧绷的供求关系变得舒缓，重荷的资源环境得以减负，可以腾出手来推进结构性改革，向形态更高级、分工更复杂、结构更合理的发展阶段演进。这样，中国经济的“列车”不仅不会掉挡失速，反而会跑得更稳健有力，带来新机遇，形成新动能。

　　it must be noted that the moderation of growth speed in china reflects both profound adjustments in the world economy as well as the law of economics. the chinese economy is now the second largest in the world. with a larger base figure, a growth even at 7% will produce an annual increase of more than 800 billion us dollars at current price, larger than a 10% growth five years ago. with the economy performing within the reasonable range and the speed of growth no longer taken as the sole yardstick, the strained supply-demand relationship will be eased, the pressure on resources and the environment will be lowered, and more time and energy will be devoted to push forward structural reform. that means, the economy will enter a more advanced stage of development, with more sophisticated division of labor and a more optimized structure. if i could compare the chinese economy to a running train. what i want you to know is that this train will not lose speed or momentum. it will only be powered by stronger dynamo and run with greater steadiness, bringing along new opportunities and new momentum of growth.

　　刚刚过去的XX年，我们就是按照这个思路做的。面对下行压力，我们没有采取强刺激，而是强力推进改革，尤其是政府带头改革，大力简政放权，激发市场和企业的活力。全年gdp增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中是最高的;城镇新增就业1300多万人，在经济放缓情况下不减反增，登记失业率、调查失业率都是下降的;cpi上涨2%，低于年初预期目标。事实说明，我们出台的一系列宏观调控政策是正确的、有效的。更重要的是结构性改革迈出新步伐。

　　in XX, we followed exactly the afore-mentioned approach. in the face of downward pressure, we did not resort to strong stimulus; instead, we vigorously pursued reforms, and the government in fact led these reforms by streamlining administration and delegating power. this has motivated both the market and the business sector. gdp grew by 7.4% for the whole year, the best among major economies in the world. over 13 million new jobs were created in cities, with both registered and surveyed unemployment rates lower than the previous year. that is, we achieved growth in employment despite the economic slowdown. cpi was kept at 2%, lower than the target set at the beginning of the year. these outcomes prove that the host of macro-regulation measures china adopted have been right and effective. more importantly, new progress has been made in advancing structural reform.

　　不可否认，XX年，中国经济仍面临较大下行压力。在这种情况下如何选择?是追求短期更高增长，还是着眼长期中高速增长，提升发展质量?答案是后者。我们将继续保持战略定力，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不会搞“大水漫灌”，而是更加注重预调微调，更好实行定向调控，确保经济运行在合理区间，同时着力提升经济发展的质量和效益。

　　needless to say, the chinese economy will continue to face substantial downward pressure in XX. what shall we choose to do under such circumstances? shall we go for even higher growth for the short term, or for medium-to-high growth and a higher quality of development over the long run? the answer is definitely the latter. we will maintain our strategic focus and continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. we will avoid adopting indiscriminate policies. instead, we will put more emphasis on anticipatory adjustment and fine-tuning, do an even better job with targeted macro-regulation to keep the economy operating within the reasonable range, and raise the quality and performance of the economy.

　　我们正在采取有效措施防范债务、金融等潜在风险。中国储蓄率高达50%，能够为经济增长提供充裕资金。地方性债务70%以上用于基础设施建设，是有资产保障的。金融体制改革也正在推进。我在这里要向大家传递的信息是，中国不会发生区域性、系统性金融风险，中国经济不会出现“硬着陆”。

　　we are taking effective measures to fend off debt, financial and other potential risks. china's high savings rate, which now stands at 50%, generates sufficient funds for sustaining economic growth. besides, china's local debt, over 70% of which was incurred for infrastructure development, is backed by assets. and reform of the financial system is making progress. what i want to emphasize is that regional or systemic financial crisis will not happen in china, and the chinese economy will not head for a hard landing.

　　要看到，中国还是一个发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。和平是中国发展的基础条件，改革开放和人民对幸福美好生活的追求是发展的最大动力。中国城乡和区域发展空间广阔，国内需求潜力巨大。以中高速再发展一、二十年，中国的面貌就会持续改善，也会给世界带来更多发展机遇。

　　it must be pointed out that china is still a developing country and still has a long way to go before achieving modernization. while peace is the basic condition for china's development, reform and opening-up along with our people's desire for a happy life constitute the strongest impetus propelling development. the space of development in china's rural and urban areas and various regions is enormous, and the country's domestic demand will simply generate great potential of growth. development at medium-to-high speed for another ten to twenty years will bring even bigger changes to china and create more development opportunities for the world.

　　中国经济要顶住下行压力，实现“双中高”，就需要对传统思维“说不”，为创新体制“叫好”，下决心推进结构性改革。要创新宏观调控，增添微观活力，调整城乡、区域和产业结构，促进比较充分的就业特别是年轻人的就业，改善收入分配和民生福祉。这需要付出艰辛努力，但是我们将不畏困难。只有沿着促改革、调结构的路子坚定走下去，才能使中国经济长期保持中高速增长，发展迈向中高端水平。

　　for the chinese economy to withstand downward pressure, and to maintain medium-to-high speed of growth and achieve medium-to-high level of development, we need to say "no" to traditional mindset. we must encourage innovative institutions, and press ahead with structural reform. we need to adopt more innovative macro-regulation policies and develop a more vigorous micro economy. we need to promote more balanced development of industries, between rural and urban areas and among regions. we need to ensure relatively high employment rate, especially sufficient employment for the young people. and we need to optimize income distribution and raise the people's welfare. all this certainly calls for tremendous efforts. yet we will stay undaunted in the face of difficulties. we will unswervingly press ahead with reform and restructuring to ensure that our economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development.

　　中国经济要行稳致远，必须全面深化改革。用好政府和市场这“两只手”，形成“双引擎”。一方面要使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，培育打造新引擎;另一方面要更好发挥政府作用，改造升级传统引擎。

　　to ensure long-term and steady growth of the chinese economy, we need to comprehensively deepen reforms. we need to properly use both the hand of the government and the hand of the market, and rely on both the traditional and new engines of growth. we will let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation to foster a new engine of growth. at the same time, we will give better scope to the role of the government to transform and upgrade the traditional engine of growth.

　　我们说要打造新引擎，就是推动大众创业、万众创新。中国有13亿人口、9亿劳动力、7000万企业和个体工商户，人民勤劳而智慧。如果把全社会每一个细胞都激活，就会使整个经济肌体充满生机，进而汇聚成巨大的推动力量。大众创业、万众创新蕴藏着无穷创意和无限财富，是取之不竭的“金矿”。

　　to foster a new engine of growth, we will encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation. china has 1.3 billion people, a 900-million workforce, and over 70 million enterprises and self-employed businesses. our people are hard-working and talented. if we could activate every cell in society, the economy of china as a whole will brim with more vigor and gather stronger power for growth. mass entrepreneurship and innovation, in our eyes, is a "gold mine" that provides constant source of creativity and wealth.

　　这使我想起30多年前的中国农村改革，放开搞活，让农民自主决定生产经营，调动了广大农民的积极性，结果只用了短短几年时间，就解决了长期没有解决的吃饭问题。制度创新激发了亿万人的创造力，也改变了亿万人的命运。两个月前，我去了中国东部的一个村庄，那里有700多户人家，却开设了2800多家注册网店，每天向世界各地售出超过3000万件各类商品。这就是勤劳肯干大众创业的生动写照。

　　speaking of this, i think of china's rural reform conducted more than 30 years ago. the reform brought farmers' initiatives into full play and allowed them to decide for themselves matters related to rural production and management. consequently, the problem of hunger that previously haunted china was solved in just a couple of years. in short, a structural innovation that unleashed the creativity of the people changed the lot of hundreds of millions in china. i also think of a small village i visited two months ago in eastern china. in the village were some 700 households and over 2,800 registered online stores. each day, more than 30 million items of various sorts were sold to different parts of the world. the story of the village speaks vividly of the hard-working chinese people actively engaged in entrepreneurship.

　　今天的中国，需要开发活力的新源泉。活力来自多样性，多样性的碰撞产生智慧的火花，点燃创新发展的火炬。大众创业、万众创新不仅能释放民智民力，扩大内需和居民消费，增加社会财富，增进大众福祉。更重要的是，让所有人都有平等机会和舞台实现人生价值，推进社会纵向流动，实现社会公平正义。

　　going forward, china needs new sources of dynamism to carry development forward. dynamism comes from diversity, which sparks wisdom and fosters innovation. mass entrepreneurship and innovation serves to unleash people's ingenuity and power. it will result in greater demand and residents' consumption, greater social wealth, and greater welfare for the people. more importantly, it will bring opportunity for many and give people the stage to reach life's full potential. it will also bring about greater social mobility, equity and justice.

　　管制束缚创新，竞争促进繁荣。我们将进一步深化行政体制改革，继续取消和下放行政审批事项，全面清理非行政许可，推行市场准入负面清单制度，为市场主体松绑减负。这也有利于压缩寻租和腐败的空间。我们将依法保护知识产权，尽力营造鼓励进取、宽容失败的环境，同时保护各类合法产权。

　　excessive regulation discourages innovation, and healthy competition is the way to prosperity. we will deepen reform of the administrative system. this means we will continue to abolish or delegate to lower-level governments items previously subject to state council review and approval. we will comprehensively sort out items requiring non-governmental review and approval, and put in place a negative-list approach for market access. this will incentivize market players, and help reduce the possibility of rent-seeking and corruption. we will protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law, and do our best to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and tolerates failure. moreover, we will give protection to all sorts of legal property rights.

　　我们说要改造传统引擎，重点是扩大公共产品和公共服务供给。中国经济发展虽然取得很大成就，但公共产品与服务不足仍是“短板”。目前，中国人均公共设施资本存量仅为西欧国家的38%、北美国家的 23%;服务业水平比同等发展中国家低10个百分点;城镇化率比发达国家低20多个百分点。这当中蕴藏着公共产品与服务的巨大空间。增加这方面供给，属于政府分内的职责，是改善民生的必要举措，也是扩大内需的重要推手。

　　to transform the traditional engine of growth, we will focus on increasing the supply of public goods and services. china has made remarkable economic achievements, but inadequate supply of public goods and services remains a weak link in development. china's capital stock on public infrastructure, in per capita terms, is only 38% that of western europe and 23% that of north america. the development of its service sector is 10 percentage points lower than other developing countries at similar development stages. and its rate of urbanization is more than 20 percentage points lower than developed countries. this means a massive space for increasing public goods and services. to deliver such public goods and services to improve people's lives is the government's responsibility. they are also important ways to boost domestic demand.

　　今年，我们确定了包括中西部铁路、水利工程、各类棚户区和城乡危房改造、污染防治等重点投资领域。政府在加大财政投入的同时，不再唱“独角戏”，而是通过深化投融资改革，打破垄断，吸引社会资金和外资参与，采取政府和民营合作(ppp)、中外合作以及政府购买服务等方式，放大投资效应。如近年中国西部省区建设一家污水处理厂，需要资金3.35亿元人民币，成功吸引德国一家水务公司参与投资，德方股比占到70%。

　　this year, we have identified some key areas for investment, including building railways in central and western provinces, constructing water conservancy projects, rebuilding rundown urban areas and old houses in cities and villages, and preventing and controlling pollutions. the government will increase investment in these areas, and it will not act alone. efforts will be made to break monopoly and reform the investment and financing systems to encourage the participation of private and foreign capitals. the model of public-private partnership (ppp), sino-foreign cooperatives and government purchase of services will be adopted to better leverage various investment sources. i have an example here to cite. a few years ago, the plan was made to build a sewage treatment plant in a province in western china, and a total of 335 million rmb yuan was needed. the project later attracted investment from a german water company, with the german side controlling 70 percent of the total shares.

　　我们将推进财税改革，给企业尤其是服务型企业减税降费，推出扶持中小企业的新举措。深化金融改革，继续推进利率、汇率市场化，加快发展中小金融机构特别是民营银行，发展多层次资本市场。推动价格改革，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，最大限度放开价格管制。同时，注重发挥政府在“软环境”建设中的作用，扮演好市场监管的角色，打造国际化、市场化、法治化的营商环境，为所有市场主体提供优质高效的公共服务。

　　moving forward, we will deepen fiscal and taxation reform, reduce the tax and fees charged to businesses, particularly those in the service sector, and take new steps to support smes. we will deepen reform of the financial system, continue to promote liberalization of interest and exchange rates, and accelerate the development of small- and medium-sized financial institutions, private banks in particular, with a view to developing a multi-tiered capital market. we will speed up reform of the pricing system, substantially reduce the types and items for which the government sets the prices, and liberate price regulation to the maximum extent possible. more emphasis will be given to the government's role in creating a favorable "soft environment". that means better market regulation, a world-class business environment established on market principles and the rule of law. in this way, we will be able to provide efficient and quality public services to all market players.

　　女士们，先生们!

　　ladies and gentlemen,

　　中国改革与发展将给世界带来更多商机。我们将进一步放宽外资准入，探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，对中外企业一视同仁，重点有序扩大金融、教育、文化、医疗、养老等服务业对外开放，推广上海自贸区经验，让各国投资者能挖掘出源源不断的“富矿”。

　　china's reform and development will bring more business opportunities to the world. we will provide easier market access for inbound foreign investment, and explore the possibility of management based on a pre-establishment national treatment and negative-list approach. chinese and foreign companies will be treated as equals. we will further open the financial, education, cultural, medical care, pension and other service sectors in an orderly way, and bring the experience of the china (shanghai) pilot free trade zone to other parts of china. our aim is to help investors from across countries find "rich mines" and reap steady returns from their investment.

　　我们还将创新对外投资合作方式，中国高铁、核电、航空、电信等优势行业“走出去”，对接当地市场需求，也是在国际市场竞争中接受检验。其中不少产品本来就是中外合作生产的，出口本身就是共同开拓第三方市场。我们提出“一带一路”建设，愿与相关国家需求相结合，合作推进。

　　what is more, china will explore new approaches to investment cooperation with other countries. china's high-speed railway, nuclear power, aviation, telecommunications and other sophisticated manufacturing capacities are gradually being introduced to other countries. they could meet market demand of the recipient country, and stand the test of competition on the international market. their export will also help open up third-country markets, as many of such products are made by joint ventures between china and a foreign country. china has put forward the initiatives to build the silk road economic belt and the 21st century maritime silk road. china hopes to work with other countries to advance these initiatives and ensure that they are brought forward in ways that meet the actual needs of countries concerned.

　　瑞士达沃斯是世界滑雪胜地。大家知道，滑雪有三要素：速度、平衡、勇气。对中国经济而言，就是要主动适应新常态，保持中高速度的增长，平衡好稳增长和调结构的关系，以壮士断腕的勇气推进改革。只要我们坚持改革开放不动摇，着力推进结构性改革，推动大众创业、万众创新，扩大公共产品、公共服务供给，用“双引擎”助力“双中高”，中国经济就一定能够摆脱 “中等收入陷阱”的“魔咒”，走上持续健康发展的轨道，同时为世界经济带来更大机遇。

　　davos of switzerland is a world-famous ski resort. as we understand, to be a good skier, one needs to do three things: go at the right speed, keep balance and be courageous. i believe this also holds true for the chinese economy. what is important now for china is to adapt to the new normal. china will maintain medium-to-high speed of growth, keep a proper balance between steady growth and structural adjustment, and push forward reform with great courage and determination. china will stay firm in its commitment to reform and opening-up. it will focus on structural reform, encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, increase supply of public goods and services, and use the twin engines to ensure that the economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development. as long as we succeed in doing so, the chinese economy will successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" and move ahead along the path of sustainable and sound development. this will in turn bring greater opportunities to the world economy.

　　我相信，只要国际社会携起手来，坚守和平稳定的底线，秉持和谐相处的理念，激活开放创新的动力，就没有克服不了的艰难险阻，我们赖以生存的这个世界就会迎来一个更加美好的未来!

　　in closing, i would like to call upon the international community to forge ahead and work in unison to uphold peace and stability, embrace harmonious coexistence, and boost the impetus for openness and innovation. by doing so, i am confident we will be able to overcome whatever difficulty or obstacle that stand in our way, and bring about a better future for the world that we all call home.

　　谢谢大家。

　　thank you very much.

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